On March 1, 2004 the Health Departments of the Towns of Monroe and Trumbull combined to form the Trumbull Monroe Health District.

The District is responsible for the core functions of a local health department, which includes offering programs that promote health and prevent disease; inspecting restaurants, septic systems, nail and beauty salons and barber shops, day care centers, and public pools; responding to public health emergencies and participating in regional emergency preparedness; hosting flu clinics; offering many required vaccinations; conducting surveillance of mosquito-borne diseases and providing mosquito prevention programs; responding to nuisance complaints; and investigating outbreaks of illness.